
Figures S1 and A–S2D. (B) Representative FACS plots of epitope-specific GT2-positive and GT2-KO-negative peripheral B cells in naive PCT64 LMCA or C57BL/6J mice. Events were pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/CD4 - CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells. (C) GT2-specific blood peripheral B cells from PCT64 LMCA and WT C57BL/6J mice (n = 4). Bars are mean ± SD. (D) Human PCT64 LMCA IGH (green), human PCT64 LMCA IGK (purple) and murine IGK (light gray) sequences from single-cell sorted GT2-specific naive B cells in PCT64 LMCA mice (n = 2). n = pairs amplified. (E) Schematic of PCT64 LMCA B cell adoptive transfer and immunization. Experiments performed in triplicate; n = 4. A representative experiment is shown in (F–H). (F) Representative plots of splenic B cells obtained at 8, 16, and 42 dpi with GT2 trimers. Events pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/live/CD4 - CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells and represent GC, CD45.1, and CD45.2 cells in GC, and frequency of GT2 + CD45.2 cells present in GC. For control groups see
Figure S2 E. (G) B cell subsets responsive to GT2-immunization at 7, 16, and 42 dpi (n = 4). Left to right: total GCs, CD45.2 + B cells in GCs, and GT2-binding CD45.2 + B cells. Bars are mean ± SD. p values calculated by Mann-Whitney test, ∗∗ p < 0.01. See also
Figure S2 E. (H) ELISA quantification of GT2-binding (left) and GT2-KO-binding (right) serum IgG from PCT64 LMCA−HL recipient mice versus WT C57BL/6J mice (n = 4). Line represents mean values. Area under the curve (AUC) was assessed prior to immunization with GT2 trimers and at 7, 14, 21, and 42 dpi. " width="100%" height="100%">
Journal: Immunity
Article Title: Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003
Figure Lengend Snippet: GT2 immunization activates PCT64 precursor B cells (A) Human PCT64 LMCA IGH (green), murine IGH (dark gray), human PCT64 LMCA IGK (purple) and murine IGK (light gray) sequences amplified from single-cell sorted B220 + naive B cells from two PCT64 LMCA mice. n = pairs amplified. See also Figures S1 and A–S2D. (B) Representative FACS plots of epitope-specific GT2-positive and GT2-KO-negative peripheral B cells in naive PCT64 LMCA or C57BL/6J mice. Events were pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/CD4 - CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells. (C) GT2-specific blood peripheral B cells from PCT64 LMCA and WT C57BL/6J mice (n = 4). Bars are mean ± SD. (D) Human PCT64 LMCA IGH (green), human PCT64 LMCA IGK (purple) and murine IGK (light gray) sequences from single-cell sorted GT2-specific naive B cells in PCT64 LMCA mice (n = 2). n = pairs amplified. (E) Schematic of PCT64 LMCA B cell adoptive transfer and immunization. Experiments performed in triplicate; n = 4. A representative experiment is shown in (F–H). (F) Representative plots of splenic B cells obtained at 8, 16, and 42 dpi with GT2 trimers. Events pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/live/CD4 - CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells and represent GC, CD45.1, and CD45.2 cells in GC, and frequency of GT2 + CD45.2 cells present in GC. For control groups see Figure S2 E. (G) B cell subsets responsive to GT2-immunization at 7, 16, and 42 dpi (n = 4). Left to right: total GCs, CD45.2 + B cells in GCs, and GT2-binding CD45.2 + B cells. Bars are mean ± SD. p values calculated by Mann-Whitney test, ∗∗ p < 0.01. See also Figure S2 E. (H) ELISA quantification of GT2-binding (left) and GT2-KO-binding (right) serum IgG from PCT64 LMCA−HL recipient mice versus WT C57BL/6J mice (n = 4). Line represents mean values. Area under the curve (AUC) was assessed prior to immunization with GT2 trimers and at 7, 14, 21, and 42 dpi.
Article Snippet: Rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD4 APC-eF780 (clone: RM4-5) , Thermo Fisher Scientific , CAT# 47-0042-80; RRID: AB_1272219.
Techniques: Amplification, Adoptive Transfer Assay, Control, Binding Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure S4 . (E) Murine IGK V genes paired with human PCT64 IGH isolated from GCs at 8 and 42 dpi. Some frequently enriched IGK V genes are highlighted: V2-109 (red), V12-44 (blue), V14-111 (yellow), V4-74 (light green), and V1-135 (teal). See also
Figure S5 A. (F) SPR affinity against GT2 for 23 antibodies with various murine IGKV pairings isolated from naive PCT64 LMCA−H mice at 42 dpi, compared to human PCT64 LMCA (black, square). (G) Frequencies of IGH aa mutations per residue 42 dpi. HCDRs are boxed in gray. Red = key mutations present in mature PCT64. aa positions 31, 35, 52B, and 100D analyzed in (J). See also
Figures S5 B–S5E. (H) Distribution of select PCT64 LMCA B cell IGH aa mutations in positions 31, 35, 52B, and 100D at 8 and 42 dpi. Red = present in mature PCT64; blue = present in early PCT64 isolates; black = original LMCA aa; gray = all others. " width="100%" height="100%">
Journal: Immunity
Article Title: Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003
Figure Lengend Snippet: PCT64 precursor responses to GT2 are driven by the heavy chain (A) 10x Genomics single-cell BCR sequences from 4703 splenic B cells from a naive PCT64 LMCA−H mouse. Relative bubble size indicates IGHV gene frequency. Human PCT64 IGHV gene frequency in green (82.6%). Murine IGHV genes in various colors. (B) Left: representative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) plot of GT2-binding and GT2-KO-negative peripheral B cells in naive PCT64 LMCA−H (n = 4). Events were pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/CD4 − CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells. Right: quantification of GT2-specific blood peripheral B cells from PCT64 LMCA−H and C57BL/6J WT mice. Bars are mean ± SD. (C) Paired human PCT64 LMCA IGH (green) and murine IGK (variable) sequences amplified from single-cell sorted GT2-specific naive B cells from PCT64 LMCA−H mice. n = pairs amplified. (D) Murine IGK V genes paired with human PCT64 IGH in a naive PCT64 LMCA−H mouse (n = 3,888). Relative bubble size indicates frequency of IGK V gene usage. Relevant IGK V genes marked in color and analyzed in (E) and (F). See also Figure S4 . (E) Murine IGK V genes paired with human PCT64 IGH isolated from GCs at 8 and 42 dpi. Some frequently enriched IGK V genes are highlighted: V2-109 (red), V12-44 (blue), V14-111 (yellow), V4-74 (light green), and V1-135 (teal). See also Figure S5 A. (F) SPR affinity against GT2 for 23 antibodies with various murine IGKV pairings isolated from naive PCT64 LMCA−H mice at 42 dpi, compared to human PCT64 LMCA (black, square). (G) Frequencies of IGH aa mutations per residue 42 dpi. HCDRs are boxed in gray. Red = key mutations present in mature PCT64. aa positions 31, 35, 52B, and 100D analyzed in (J). See also Figures S5 B–S5E. (H) Distribution of select PCT64 LMCA B cell IGH aa mutations in positions 31, 35, 52B, and 100D at 8 and 42 dpi. Red = present in mature PCT64; blue = present in early PCT64 isolates; black = original LMCA aa; gray = all others.
Article Snippet: Rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD4 APC-eF780 (clone: RM4-5) , Thermo Fisher Scientific , CAT# 47-0042-80; RRID: AB_1272219.
Techniques: Fluorescence, FACS, Binding Assay, Amplification, Isolation, Residue

Figures S7 A and S7B. (C) SPR affinity measurement against GT5 of LMCA and LMCA.JREV IGH paired with various murine IGK. (D) FACS plots with epitope specific GT2-binding (top) and GT5 binding of peripheral B cells in naive PCT64 LMCA.JREV mouse model. Events were pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/CD4 − CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells. See also
Figures S7 C–S7F. (E) Schematic of study design. Recipient mice at 100, 20, or 10 PCT64 LMCA.JREV per 10 6 B cells prior to immunization i.p. with GT5 trimers or IM with GT5 mRNA; responses analyzed 13 dpi. Experiments performed in triplicate with one presented; n = 4 or 5. See also
Figures S7 G and S7H. (F) Representative FACS plots of GCs, CD45.2 PCT64 LMCA.JREV present in GC, and GT5 specific responses at 13 dpi after immunization with GT5 protein i.p. (pink) or GT5 mRNA IM (teal). Spleen were analyzed for i.p. responses and inguinal LN for IM responses. (G) Quantification of responses in GCs as in (E) and (F) (n = 4 or 5). Bars are mean ± SD. (H) Quantification of GC responses, frequency of CD45.2 PCT64 LMCA.JREV B cells in GC and GT5 specific responses at 42 dpi (n = 5). Bars are mean ± SD. " width="100%" height="100%">
Journal: Immunity
Article Title: Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003
Figure Lengend Snippet: GT5-mRNA immunization activates a J-region-reverted PCT64 precursor (A) Sequence alignment of the HCDR3 of PCT64 LMCA.JREV , PCT64 LMCA and germline VH3-15, DH3-3 and JH6. (B) Human PCT64 LMCA.JREV HC (teal), murine HC (dark gray), human PCT64 LMCA.JREV IGK (purple) and murine LC (light gray) sequences amplified from single cell sorted B220 + naive B cells from two PCT64 LMCA.JREV mice. n = pairs amplified. See also Figures S7 A and S7B. (C) SPR affinity measurement against GT5 of LMCA and LMCA.JREV IGH paired with various murine IGK. (D) FACS plots with epitope specific GT2-binding (top) and GT5 binding of peripheral B cells in naive PCT64 LMCA.JREV mouse model. Events were pre-gated on lymphocytes/singlets/CD4 − CD8 - F4/80 - Gr1 - /B220 + B cells. See also Figures S7 C–S7F. (E) Schematic of study design. Recipient mice at 100, 20, or 10 PCT64 LMCA.JREV per 10 6 B cells prior to immunization i.p. with GT5 trimers or IM with GT5 mRNA; responses analyzed 13 dpi. Experiments performed in triplicate with one presented; n = 4 or 5. See also Figures S7 G and S7H. (F) Representative FACS plots of GCs, CD45.2 PCT64 LMCA.JREV present in GC, and GT5 specific responses at 13 dpi after immunization with GT5 protein i.p. (pink) or GT5 mRNA IM (teal). Spleen were analyzed for i.p. responses and inguinal LN for IM responses. (G) Quantification of responses in GCs as in (E) and (F) (n = 4 or 5). Bars are mean ± SD. (H) Quantification of GC responses, frequency of CD45.2 PCT64 LMCA.JREV B cells in GC and GT5 specific responses at 42 dpi (n = 5). Bars are mean ± SD.
Article Snippet: Rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD4 APC-eF780 (clone: RM4-5) , Thermo Fisher Scientific , CAT# 47-0042-80; RRID: AB_1272219.
Techniques: Sequencing, Amplification, Binding Assay
Journal: Immunity
Article Title: Membrane-bound mRNA immunogens lower the threshold to activate HIV Env V2 apex-directed broadly neutralizing B cell precursors in humanized mice
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.003
Figure Lengend Snippet:
Article Snippet: Rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD4 APC-eF780 (clone: RM4-5) , Thermo Fisher Scientific , CAT# 47-0042-80; RRID: AB_1272219.
Techniques: Purification, Recombinant, Produced, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Flow Cytometry, Cell Isolation, Amplification, Software, Adhesive, Spectrophotometry, Electron Microscopy